Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency may have a higher risk of developing diabetes. The aim of the review was to synthesise the evidence on the association between G6PD deficiency and diabetes. A systematic search on Medline, EMBASE, AMED and CENTRAL databases for studies published between January 1966 and September 2016 that assessed the association between G6PD deficiency and diabetes was conducted. This was supplemented by a review of the reference list of retrieved articles. We extracted data on study characteristics, outcomes and performed an assessment on the methodological quality of the studies. A random-effects model was used to compute the summary risk estimates. Fifteen relevant publications involving 949,260 participants were identified, from which seven studies contributed to the meta-analysis. G6PD deficiency was associated with a higher odd of diabetes (odds ratio 2.37, 95% confidence interval 1.50–3.73). The odds ratio of diabetes among men was higher (2.22, 1.31–3.75) compared to women (1.87, 1.12–3.12). This association was broadly consistent in the sensitivity analysis. Current evidence suggests that G6PD deficiency may be a risk factor for diabetes, with higher odds among men compared to women. Further research is needed to determine how G6PD deficiency moderates diabetes.     

胆色素结石患者肝细胞分泌状态与炎性细胞因子的关系

目的: 探讨炎性细胞因子与胆色素结石形成的关系. 方法: 利用反向高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)技术和体外原代培养肝细胞和枯否氏细胞(kupffercell,KC)的方法,用部分炎性细胞因子(IL-1、IL-6、TNFa)和内毒素(LPS)活化的KC上清液刺激非结石患者肝细胞后,检测肝细胞培养上清液中胆汁酸和UCB含量,并与非胆色素结石患者组,作对照分析. 结果: 经炎性细胞因子和活化的KC上清液刺激后,非胆石病患者和胆色素结石患者的肝细胞培养上清液中均可检出一定量的非结合胆红素(UCB),同时胆汁酸分泌减少,与对照组比较,其结果有明显成石性趋势(P<0.01). 结论: 炎性细胞因子与胆色素结石形成有密切关系.     

Methionine depletion with recombinant methioninase: In vitro and in vivo efficacy against neuroblastoma and its synergism with chemotherapeutic drugs

Methionine starvation can modulate gene methylation, cell cycle transition and pathways related to survival following DNA damage. Methionine depletion by recombinant methioninase (rMETase) may have in vitro and in vivo efficacy against neuroblastoma (NB), especially when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs. rMETase from Pseudomonas putida was produced in Escherichia coli and purified by ion‐exchange chromatography. rMETase alone inhibited the proliferation of 15/15 NB cell lines in vitro. Among these 15 cell lines, only 66N demonstrated rMETase‐induced apoptosis. rMETase alone suppressed LAN‐1 and NMB‐7 xenografts (p < 0.01) and no toxicities were noted other than reversible weight loss. In vitro efficacy experiments combining rMETase and chemotherapeutic agents were carried out using SK‐N‐LD and SK‐N‐BE (1)N established at diagnosis, as well as LAN‐1, SK‐N‐BE (2)C and NMB‐7 established at relapse. Microtubule depolymerization agents including vincristine, vinorelbine, vinblatine and mebendazole showed synergism when tested in combination with rMETase in all 5 cell lines. Among DNA damaging agents, synergy with rMETase was observed only in cell lines established at diagnosis and not at relapse. Cell cycle analysis showed that rMETase arrested G2 phase and not M phase. In vivo efficacy experiments using LAN‐1 and NMB‐7 xenografts showed that rMETase rendered vincristine more effective than vincristine alone in tumor growth suppression (p < 0.001). In conclusion, methionine depletion inhibited NB proliferation and arrested tumor cells at G2 phase. rMETase synergized with microtubule depolymerization agents. Moreover, synergism between rMETase and DNA damaging agents was dependent on whether cell lines were established at diagnosis or at relapse. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

幼儿舞蹈“成人化”教育之弊端及对策

出于多重考虑，越来越多的家长让子女提早接受舞蹈教育，这并不意味着家长艺术鉴赏能力与审美情趣已得到整体提高。相反，由于家长对舞蹈的不合理认知．滋生了教育培训机构对利益的最失化追求，导致幼儿舞蹈教育过早“成人化”，即幼儿舞蹈教学中出现超强负荷的基本功训练，严重违反幼儿身心发展规律，既对幼儿身心健康发展形成负面影响，又使幼儿对舞蹈存在认识偏差，影响幼儿对舞蹈的审美兴趣与学习热情。本文概述了舞蹈“成人化”训练的内涵，分析了幼儿舞蹈教育“成人化”的成因及幼儿舞蹈过早“成人化”的弊端，提出了幼儿舞蹈基本功训练的建议，并对幼儿舞蹈教育的未来发展进行了阐述。     

喷他佐辛超前镇痛在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的 观察喷他佐辛对腹腔镜胆切除术(LC)是否具有超前镇痛作用.方法 将60例择期LC患者(ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)随机分为研究组和对照组.观察24 h内恶心、呕吐、瘙痒等不良应的发生率.研究组在全麻诱导前静脉缓慢推注喷他佐辛0.5 mg/kg.对照组给予生理盐水推注.记录自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间及术后1、2、4、8、12、24 h的疼痛程度并进行评价.结果 两组呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组疼痛程度明显低于对照组(P<0.05);术后患者的并发症的发生情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 术前应用喷他佐辛0.5 mg/kg能有效减轻腹腔镜胆囊切除术的术后疼痛,起到超前镇痛作用,是一种理想的长效中枢性镇痛方法.     

Therapeutic potential of aromatic plant extracts in Alzheimer's disease: Comprehensive review of their underlying mechanisms

Aims

The aim of this review is to outline recent advancements in the application and mechanistic studies of aromatic plant extracts in Alzhermer`s disease (AD) to demonstrate their value in the management of this disease.

Background

AD is a neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathogenesis characterized by severe cognitive impairment. Currently, there are very few drugs available for the treatment of AD, and treatments are primarily focused on symptom relief. Aromatherapy is a traditional complementary alternative therapy that focuses on the prevention and treatment of the disease through the inhalation or transdermal administration of aromatic plant extracts. Over the past few years, studies on the use of aromatic plant extracts for the treatment of AD have been increasing and have demonstrated a definitive therapeutic effect.

Methods

We systematically summarized in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies focusing on the potential use of aromatic plant extracts in the treatment of AD in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure from 2000 to 2022.

Results

Our literature survey indicates that aromatic plant extracts exert anti-AD effects by modulating pathological changes through anti-amyloid, anti-tau phosphorylation, anti-cholinesterase, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidative stress mechanisms (Figure 1).

Conclusion

This review provides a future strategy for the research of novel anti-AD drugs from aromatic plant extracts.